What are the major language "families" of the world?

Is there any kind of grouping system that groups all - or, all the major - languages of the world into "families"? I was online one time and saw a really good table that showed a family that basically had all the languages in it, and as time went by, it slowly began to branch out. Are there any books or websites that explain this grouping, and all the languages in that group (along with the kind of grammar, syntax, and vocabulary that the language has)? Thanks a lot!